Paramecium Caudatum reproduce asexually by the process of Transverse Binary fission during favourable condition. In this process a fully grown Paramecium divides into two daughter paramecia.
Before the fission, the paramecium stops feeding and it's oral groove disappears. It's macronucleus elongates and divides amitotically whereas it's micro-nucleus divides mitotically. Transverse constriction occurs and cytoplasm divides into two equal halves. The original contractile vacuole of paramecium get distributed into each half to form new posterior contractile vacuole at anterior half and another new anterior contractile vacuole at posterior half. After that, new oral groove appears in each half. Finally, two equal sized daughter paramecia are formed with all parts. The anterior daughter paramecia is called protor and new posterior formed daughter paramecia is called opisthe.
This way binary fission occurs in paramecia which last/completes in about 20-25 minutes according the condition. In 24 hours a paramecia divides 3-5 times.
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